8 Ways To Identify Aspiration

Aspiration occurs when foreign material, such as food, liquids, or saliva, enters the airway and makes its way into the lungs instead of down the esophagus and into the stomach. This can occur when someone has swallowing difficulties (dysphagia) or impaired coordination of the swallowing process. Identifying aspiration in someone is super important, as it can reduce the likelihood of respiratory problems or other complications. Here are some signs that might indicate aspiration:

1. Coughing or Choking: Sudden coughing or choking, especially during or right after eating or drinking, can be a strong indicator of aspiration. Coughing might be persistent and more severe.
2. Change in Breathing: Aspiration can cause changes in breathing, such as wheezing, shortness of breath, or noisy or labored breathing. This may be an indication that something has entered the airway.
3. Frequent Respiratory Infections: Repeated lung infections, such as pneumonia or bronchitis, could be a sign of chronic aspiration. Aspirated material can introduce bacteria into the lungs, leading to infections.
4. Voice Changes: Hoarseness or a wet, gurgly voice after eating or drinking might suggest that fluids are entering the airway.
5. Excessive Throat Clearing: Frequent throat clearing, especially during or after meals, might be an attempt to clear aspirated material from the throat.
6. Changes in Behavior: Individuals who have experienced aspiration might become anxious or avoid eating due to the discomfort and fear associated with choking or respiratory issues.
7. Reduced Oxygen Levels: Severe aspiration can lead to reduced oxygen levels in the bloodstream, which can be detected through pulse oximetry or other medical tests. The individual may even have a slight change in color around their lips or face that is bluish or pale.
8. Chest Pain: Aspiration-related lung irritation can cause chest discomfort or pain, especially during or after eating.

If you suspect that someone is experiencing aspiration, especially if they have a history of dysphagia or swallowing difficulties, it's crucial to seek medical attention. A healthcare professional experienced in dysphagia assessment can perform evaluations to determine the extent of the problem and recommend appropriate interventions, such as modifying the diet, using thickeners, or referring for further medical evaluation. Early detection and management of aspiration can help prevent potential complications down the line.